George Lindemann Journal
Eric M. Lee, director of the Kimbell Art Museum, was proudly escorting a reporter through the main gallery of his institution's new Renzo Piano-designed addition when his smile suddenly faded. Velázquez's "Don Pedro de Barberana," the full-length portrait installed in front of the glass wall at the far end of the expansive 7,100-square-foot south gallery, appeared to have lost his pulse. Mr. Lee quickly summoned one of his staffers to lower the second of the window's two layers of gray-scrim window shades. No longer upstaged by the sunlight behind him, Don Pedro quickly sprang back to life.
More challenging than the complexities of achieving proper levels of natural light (also regulated via adjustable, preprogrammed louvers on the roof) may be deciding how Mr. Piano's expansive, flexible yet in some ways prescriptive spaces can best be adapted to the diverse types of art they will contain.
Loosely subdivided by movable walls that appear to touch neither the ceiling nor the floor, the temporary layouts devised for the inaugural installations in the Piano galleries lure you forward and sideways to works in the next groupings. Covered by the same ivory fabric used on walls that subdivide the galleries in the original Louis Kahn-designed building, the Piano Pavilion's interior walls will be reconfigured or eliminated, depending on what's being shown there.
Although the pavilion's inaugural display consists of European, Asian, African and Oceanic art from the Kimbell's celebrated permanent collection, in February its main gallery will become the new home for the museum's rich, varied program of temporary loan shows, beginning with Samurai armor from the Dallas-based Barbier-Mueller Collection, to be followed next fall by French Impressionist portraits from the Musée d'Orsay, Paris.
The space requirements of such loan shows were the driving force behind the new glass-and-concrete, freestanding Piano Pavilion: For many years, the 41-year-old Kimbell has desperately needed permanent space for its superlative and growing permanent collection, much of which had to be hauled into storage whenever the museum mounted major exhibitions, such as this year's acclaimed "Bernini: Sculpting in Clay," co-organized with the Metropolitan Museum.
Visitors who traveled from afar to see a broad representation of the Kimbell's roughly 350-work trove often had to settle for a small selection of its must-sees, such as signature works by Duccio, Caravaggio, de La Tour and Cézanne, which have been joined by stellar recent acquisitions of newly rediscovered early works by Michelangelo and Guercino.
Just as architecture aficionados will inevitably compare the physical attributes of Mr. Piano's pavilion with those of its acclaimed 1972 sister structure, so museumgoers are likely to compare how art is experienced in the two buildings. Whereas the Kahn's closed, barrel-vaulted spaces feel chapel-like, inspiring an almost religious reverence and awe, Mr. Piano's airy, open spaces are transparent, populist and unintimidating.
The ethereal, silvery glow of Mr. Kahn's light is the museum equivalent of Carnegie Hall's gold-standard acoustics. Measured against this high bar, the effectiveness of Mr. Piano's elaborately engineered illumination solution for his pavilion will likely receive intense scrutiny.
Seen over two sunny-to-partly-cloudy days, the relative merits of each building's qualities of light are almost impossible to compare—not only because they're so different, but also because the skylights of each yield variable conditions, depending on the time of day and amount of cloud cover. But the Kahn's glow seemed richer in the early morning, while the paintings in Mr. Piano's building appeared more vibrant in the afternoon.
Each building succeeds better with particular kinds of art. The subtleties of color and composition of European Old Master paintings, mainstays of the Kimbell's permanent collection, seem overmatched and subverted by the cold gray concrete walls of the Piano Pavilion. Even Caravaggio's renowned "The Cardsharps" (c. 1595) seemed less vibrant there than in the Kahn building.
Temporarily displayed for a two-month run in Mr. Piano's new space, the Kimbell's Old Master paintings and sculptures will rejoin its 19th- and 20th-century holdings this March in the Kahn building, where the beige travertine walls provide a warmer, richer backdrop for Old Masters. Currently displayed there (through Feb. 16, 2014) is "The Age of Picasso and Matisse : Modern Masters from the Art Institute of Chicago." Opening last month, the show was an irresistible opportunity that arose on short notice because of the Art Institute's decision to close until April the top floor of its Piano-designed 2009 Modern Wing to make certain fixes. The Kimbell's officials had already decided that they preferred to inaugurate the new, untested spaces with their own familiar holdings.
The paintings that look best in the new space, as Mr. Lee noted, are those suffused with a bluish cast, most notably François Boucher's 1769 series of four monumental, fleshy Rococo renderings of Roman mythological subjects, which occupy one long wall in the new pavilion—the first time the Kimbell has been able to show them side-by-side.
Architectural concrete, an unaccustomed material for Mr. Piano, has seldom been used by museums for walls on which paintings are hung. Although the mixture devised for this project created an unusually smooth, light gray wall surface with a titanium-enhanced luster, its characteristic mottling, splotches and "telegraphing" (dark horizontal striations caused by metal reinforcing bars inside the concrete) distract from a focus on the art.
On the other hand, sculptural works with a dynamic physical presence make a stronger statement in Mr. Piano's austere surroundings than in the elegant Kahn building, where they compete with the pitted texture of the travertine walls. In the Piano Pavilion's main gallery, Houdon's gleaming 1779 white marble bust of a stout nobleman, Aymard-Jean de Nicolay, prominently holds court at the end of one of the two long main pathways created by freestanding interior walls.
In the smaller west gallery, home to Asian art from the collection, the concrete serves as a compatible backdrop for a gray schist stela, "Bodhisattva Khasarpana Lokeshvara" (Bengal, India; c. 11th-12th century). But it clashes with the delicacy of the gold-leaf, six-fold Japanese screen in the same gallery—"Spring and Autumn Flowers, Fruits and Grasses" (Edo period, 18th century).
At Tuesday's press preview, Jennifer Casler Price, curator for Asian and non-Western art, observed that too much light was leaking into the Asian art gallery, the only one without a skylight, where illumination was supposed to be kept very low to protect light-sensitive scrolls. The offending rays were coming from an unshaded expanse of glass along the corridor leading to the gallery. The glare made it difficult to view works installed on either side of the gallery's entrance, and it also reflected off the layer of glass protecting a Japanese hanging scroll, Shibata Zeshin's "Waterfall and Monkeys" (1872).
Selections from the permanent collection of Asian art will remain in the Piano building (as will African and Pre-Columbian art, in the north gallery), after the European paintings leave. The Asian art may sometimes be supplanted by temporary shows of other light-sensitive works, such as prints and drawings.
And George T.M. Shackelford, the museum's deputy director, who set up some provocative new dialogues among familiar paintings in the Piano installation, can be counted on again to reshuffle the deck, maybe even adding one or two acquisitions he has his eye on, once the European paintings return to the Kahn flagship.
Now, at least, the Kimbell has sufficient space for its vaulting ambitions.
Ms. Rosenbaum writes for the Journal on art and museums, and blogs as CultureGrrl at www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl.